Phosphorous pentoxide-free bioactive glass exhibits dose-dependent angiogenic and osteogenic capacities which are retained in glass polymeric composite scaffolds.

Bioactive glasses (BGs) are attractive materials for bone tissue engineering because of their bioactivity and osteoinductivity. In this study, we report the synthesis of a novel phosphorous pentoxide-free, silicate-based bioactive glass (52S-BG) composed of 52.1% SiO2, 23.2% Na2O and 22.6% CaO (wt%). The glass was thoroughly characterized. The biocompatibility and osteogenic properties of 52S-BG particles were analyzed in vitro with human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) and human osteoblasts. 52S-BG particles were biocompatible and induced mineralized matrix deposition and the expression of osteogenic markers (RunX2, alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, osteopontin, collagen I) and the angiogenic marker vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Angiogenic properties were additionally confirmed in a zebrafish embryo model. 52S-BG was added to poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) to obtain a composite with 10 wt% glass content. Composite PCL/52S-BG scaffolds were fabricated by additive manufacturing and displayed high porosity (76%) and pore interconnectivity. The incorporation of 52S-BG particles increased the Young's modulus of PCL scaffolds from 180 to 230 MPa. AdMSC seeding efficiency and proliferation were higher in PCL/52S-BG compared to PCL scaffolds, indicating improved biocompatibility. Finally, 52S-BG incorporation improved the scaffolds' osteogenic and angiogenic properties by increasing mineral deposition and inducing relevant gene expression and VEGF protein secretion. Overall, 52S-BG particles and PCL/52S-BG composites may be attractive for diverse bone engineering applications requiring concomitant angiogenic properties.

Development, Characterization and In Vitro Biological Properties of Scaffolds Fabricated From Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles.

Ceramic materials mimic the mineral composition of native bone and feature osteoconductive properties; they are therefore used to regenerate bone tissue. Much research focuses on increasing the porosity and pore interconnectivity of ceramic scaffolds to increase osteoconductivity, cell migration and cell-cell interaction. We aimed to fabricate biocompatible 3D-scaffolds featuring macro- and microporous calcium phosphates with high pore interconnection. Nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) were synthesized by wet chemical precipitation. Scaffolds were produced from them by the replication polymeric foam technique. Solid content and sintering temperature were varied. Nanoparticles and scaffolds were characterized regarding morphology, chemical and mineral composition, porosity and mechanical properties. Biocompatibility, cell attachment and distribution were evaluated in vitro with human adipose mesenchymal stem cells. Scaffolds with total porosity of 71%-87%, pores in the range of 280-550 µm and connectivity density up to 43 mm-3 were obtained. Smaller pore sizes were obtained at higher sintering temperature. High solid content resulted in a decrease of total porosity but increased interconnectivity. Scaffolds 50HA/50ß-TCP featured superior interconnectivity and mechanical properties. They were bioactive and biocompatible. High HA solid content (40 wt.%) in the HA pure scaffolds was negative for cell viability and proliferation, while in the 50HA/50ß-TCP composite scaffolds it resulted more biocompatible.

α-Tricalcium phosphate cements modified with ß-dicalcium silicate and tricalcium aluminate: physicochemical characterization, in vitro bioactivity and cytotoxicity.

Biocompatibility, injectability and in situ self-setting are characteristics of calcium phosphate cements which make them promising materials for a wide range of clinical applications in traumatology and maxillo-facial surgery. One of the main disadvantages is their relatively low strength which restricts their use to nonload-bearing applications. α-Tricalcium phosphate (α-C3P) cement sets into calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA), which is biocompatible and plays an essential role in the formation, growth and maintenance of tissue-biomaterial interface. ß-Dicalcium silicate (ß-C2S) and tricalcium aluminate (C3A) are Portland cement components, these compounds react with water to form hydrated phases that enhance mechanical strength of the end products. In this study, setting time, compressive strength (CS) and in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility were evaluated to determine the influence of addition of ß-C2S and C3A to α-C3P-based cement. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate phase composition and morphological changes in cement samples. Addition of C3A resulted in cements having suitable setting times, but low CS, only partial conversion into CDHA and cytotoxicity. However, addition of ß-C2S delayed the setting times but promoted total conversion into CDHA by soaking in simulated body fluid and strengthened the set cement over the limit strength of cancellous bone. The best properties were obtained for cement added with 10 wt % of ß-C2S, which showed in vitro bioactivity and cytocompatibility, making it a suitable candidate as bone substitute.

ß-Dicalcium silicate-based cement: synthesis, characterization and in vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility studies.

ß-dicalcium silicate (ß-Ca2 SiO4, ß-C2 S) is one of the main constituents in Portland cement clinker and many refractory materials, itself is a hydraulic cement that reacts with water or aqueous solution at room/body temperature to form a hydrated phase (C-S-H), which provides mechanical strength to the end product. In the present investigation, ß-C2 S was synthesized by sol-gel process and it was used as powder to cement preparation, named CSiC. In vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility studies were assessed by soaking the cement samples in simulated body fluid solutions and human osteoblast cell cultures for various time periods, respectively. The results showed that the sol-gel process is an available synthesis method in order to obtain a pure powder of ß-C2 S at relatively low temperatures without chemical stabilizers. A bone-like apatite layer covered the material surface after soaking in SBF and its compressive strength (CSiC cement) was comparable with that of the human trabecular bone. The extracts of this cement were not cytotoxic and the cell growth and relative cell viability were comparable to negative control.

Evaluacion del ffecto de la magnetoterapia, la lectroterapia y los ejercicios del suelo pelvico como tratamiento rehabilitador en la incotinencia uiinaria / Evaluation of the magnetotherapy effect and the pelvis floor excercises as a rehabilitator treatment in urinary incontinente

La incontinencia urinaria tiene elevada prevalencia, preferentemente en mujeres, afectando la vida personal y social de los enfermos. Evaluamos el impacto del tratamiento rehabilitador del suelo pélvico sobre síntomas y signos de incontinencia en 28 pacientes, 25 mujeres y 3 hombres con edades promedio de 53.9 y 66.6 años En las mujeres predominó la incontinencia asociada a otras patologías del suelo pélvico, seguida por la mixta y en los hombres la secundaria a prostatectomía. Evaluamos la incontinencia al inicio y evolutivamente mediante historia clínica, necesidad de uso de colectores, prueba decompresa y diario miccional. Aplicamosmagnetoterapia en región pélvica, electroterapia estimuladora de musculatura perineal y ejercicios para fortalecimiento muscular pélvico sola o combinada. Once pacientes abandonaron el tratamiento, 53% curaron, 29% tuvieron mejoría notable y 18% mantienen el tratamiento. Concluimos que la rehabilitación del suelo pélvico constituye una terapia útil y definitiva para curar o mejorar la incontinencia urinaria.

The urinary incontinence has high prevalence preferably among women, We evaluated the impact of rehabilitative treatment of pelvic floor in symptoms and signs of incontinence in 28 patients 25 women with age average 53,9 years and 3 masculine with age average 66,6 years. We applied them rehabilitative treatment that included Magnetoteraphy, stimulate electrotherapy to the perineal musculature and pelvic exercises, alone or in combination. Principal results: the urinary incontinence prevailed as diagnosis, in the feminine sex, associated with other pelvic pathologies, followed mixed incontinence and men secundary toprostatectomy. Eleven patients leave treatment, 53% cure, 29% improvement and 18% are still in treatment. We conclude that remarkable improvement the symptoms evidenced benefits of rehabilitative treatment of pelvic floor for urinary incontinente.

Evaluación del efecto de la magnetoterapia, la electroterapia y los ejercicios del suelo pélvico como tratamiento rehabilitador en la incontinencia urinaria / Evaluation of the magnetotherapy effect and the pelvis floor excercises as a rehabilitator treatment in urinary incontinence

La incontinencia urinaria tiene elevada prevalencia, preferentemente en mujeres, afectando la vida personal y social de los enfermos. Evaluamos el impacto del tratamiento rehabilitador del suelo pélvico sobre síntomas y signos de incontinencia en 28 pacientes, 25 mujeres y 3 hombres con edades promedio de 53.9 y 66.6 años En las mujeres predominó la incontinencia asociada a otras patologías del suelo pélvico, seguida por la mixta y en los hombres la secundaria a prostatectomía. Evaluamos la incontinencia al inicio y evolutivamente mediante historia clínica, necesidad de uso de colectores, prueba decompresa y diario miccional. Aplicamos magnetoterapia en región pélvica, electroterapia estimuladora de musculatura perineal y ejercicios para fortalecimiento muscular pélvico sola o combinada. Once pacientes abandonaron el tratamiento, 53 por ciento curaron, 29 por ciento tuvieron mejoría notable y 18 por ciento mantienen el tratamiento. Concluimos que la rehabilitación del suelo pélvico constituye una terapia útil y definitiva para curar o mejorar la incontinencia urinaria(AU)

The urinary incontinence has high prevalence preferably among women, We evaluated the impact of rehabilitative treatment of pelvic floor in symptoms and signs of incontinence in 28 patients 25 women with age average 53,9 years and 3 masculine with age average 66,6 years. We applied them rehabilitative treatment that included Magnetoteraphy, stimulate electrotherapy to the perineal musculature and pelvic exercises, alone or in combination. Principal results: the urinary incontinence prevailed as diagnosis, in the feminine sex, associated with other pelvic pathologies, followed mixed incontinence and men secundary toprostatectomy. Eleven patients leave treatment, 53 percent cure, 29 percent improvement and 18 percent are still in treatment. We conclude that remarkable improvement the symptoms evidenced benefits of rehabilitative treatment of pelvic floor for urinary incontinence(AU)

Factors affecting the structure and properties of an injectable self-setting calcium phosphate foam.

One of the main challenges in the investigation on calcium phosphate cements (CPC) lies in the introduction of macroporosity, without loosing the self-setting ability and injectability, characteristic of the cement-type materials. The benefits of macroporosity are related to the enhancement of bone regeneration mechanisms, such as angiogenesis and tissue ingrowth. In this work, the feasibility to obtain self-setting injectable macroporous hydroxyapatite foams by the incorporation of a protein-based foaming agent to a CPC is demonstrated. Albumen is combined with an alpha-tricalcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2, alpha-TCP] paste, which hydrolyzes to a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite during the setting reaction. A systematic study is presented, where the effect of different processing parameters is analyzed in terms of porosity, setting properties, injectability, and compressive strength. Self-setting foams with porosities up to 70%, which maintain their porous structure after injection, are obtained. These injectable foams can be used both for direct in vivo applications and for the fabrication of low temperature tissue engineering scaffolds.

Cuerno cutáneo de pene / Cutaneous horn of the penis

OBJETIVOS: Aportar a la literatura un nuevo caso de cuerno cutáneo de pene, así como una revisión de las características clínico - histológicas de dicha lesión. METODOS: Se describe la evolución clínica y el resultado anatomo-patológico de la lesión resecada. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES: El cuerno cutáneo de pene es una patología infrecuente de fácil diagnóstico que precisa de tratamiento quirúrgico con toma de márgenes de seguridad dada su posible relación con lesiones malignas (AU)